New pension reforms came into being on 6thApril 2015. The materially greater freedoms that now exist have much appeal, yet they come with greatly increased complexity both in understanding and in execution. On balance these reforms were and still are welcome, but the need for high quality advice has never been greater, both to minimise the risks, but also to maximise the opportunities that they provide.
The British have had a love-hate relationship with pensions for many decades. After some years in the doldrums, the cycle is on the upswing – or certainly deserves to be – largely due to recent changes made by the Chancellor.
Continuously moving goalposts
Successive governments have always tinkered with the pension regime. Until George Osborne stepped in, the nanny state – not trusting someone to spend money from their pot responsibly in retirement, despite having been responsible enough to save for retirement in the first place – dictated how much money could be withdrawn from a pension, and forced retirees to hand over their hard-earned pot of money to an insurance company (forever) in return for an income for life in the form of an annuity.
Enter the Chancellors April 2015 reforms so let’s have a look again at the rules which were introduced:
Change 1: Freedom to take out as much as you like, when you like
Prior to April 2015, the amount that could be withdrawn from a pension portfolio was limited by the Government (using a calculation related to 15-year gilt yield), unless the individual had £12,000 of secure income such as annuities, state pension or defined benefit pensions. This withdrawal limit was abolished and, from age 55, retirees are free to take as much as they wish, when they wish. They will, of course, be required to pay tax on these withdrawals, beyond any 25% tax-free portion, at their marginal rate of income tax, i.e. the highest tax band that they fall into, given all of the income they earn in that tax year.
Talk of retirees depleting their pots and going wild with their cash is both condescending and laughable. Most people realise how important maintaining their pot is for their future well-being.
It is important that pension pots are not seen as ATM machines! Once the 25% tax-free pension commencement lump sum is taken, all withdrawals are taxed at the pension holder’s marginal rate of tax. As such, the tax consequences need to be calculated carefully, before any money is withdrawn.
Change 2: No requirement anymore to buy an annuity
Thankfully, another of the central pillars of nanny state influence was abolished; retirees are no longer required to buy an annuity. They will be free to make the decision that is right for them. For some that may still be to buy an annuity now or delay the purchase until a date of their choosing. For others it will be taking out money, also known as drawdown in pension jargon, from their pension pot at a sensible rate. The important issue is that retirees are now in control of that choice and can seek guidance from their financial planner on what the best course of action might be for them.
Change 3: Pension pots can be passed on to anyone
Perhaps one of the most material changes that the Chancellor made was to allow pension pots to be handed on to anyone, on the death of the member. Prior to April 2015, a pension could only be passed on tax-free if death occurred before 75 and the plan member had not begun taking an income from the portfolio or taken the tax-free cash allowance. Outside of this narrow definition, any assets withdrawn suffered a usurious ‘death tax’rate of 55%, unless donated to charity.
From 6thApril 2015, if the plan member dies before 75, any income withdrawals or lump sums are tax free, provided the plan has been passed on to the ‘successor’ i.e. the person inheriting the plan within two years. If this transfer is delayed beyond two years, then they will have to pay income tax at their marginal rate on any withdrawals.
If the member’s death occurs after 75, then the beneficiary can take either a lump sum or draw down the money flexibly at any time. Where income is taken, this will be taxed at the successor’s marginal rate of tax. Lump sum withdrawals are also taxed at the successor’s marginal rate of tax.
As pension pots usually fall outside an individual’s estate for inheritance tax planning, the astute reader will quickly see that these new arrangements allow for some sensible and legal intergenerational tax planning, in certain circumstances. Professional advice should always be taken as a matter of prudence when making any such choices.
Change 4: Private sector defined benefit pensions can be transferred
The new regulations also allow for those individuals with private sector defined benefit pensions to transfer the lump sum value of their pension into a defined contribution pension (e.g. a self-invested pension plan or SIPP). However, they are required to take professional advice before they do, unless the fund is below £30,000[1]. It may seem tempting to transfer assets however at Wells Gibson we start from the assumption that a transfer will be unsuitable. Again, help from a trusted adviser is essential.
Conclusion
The pension reforms should continue to be welcomed. Yet, despite their positive contribution to flexibility, and fairness, they also bring increased choices for individuals around contribution levels, the timing and quantum of pension withdrawals and their use as tax-efficient intergenerational asset transfer opportunities. These decisions are complex and important to the future financial well-being of clients and their families and should not be taken lightly. It is hard to think of a more obvious area that a good financial planning firm can add material value to its clients than by empowering them to make informed decisions on what to do with their pensions.
If you want to find out more or talk to us about these or any other pension issues, please do not hesitate to call.
